Mounjaro (tirzepatide) is an injectable medication that has gained significant attention for its effectiveness in managing type 2 diabetes and aiding weight loss. Mounjaro is is prescribed alongside diet and exercise for individuals with obesity or overweight who have weight-related health problems, such as hypertension or high cholesterol levels.
The active ingredient, tirzepatide, operates by mimicking the actions of two naturally occurring hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These hormones play a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by enhancing insulin secretion, reducing glucose production in the liver, and slowing gastric emptying. This multifaceted approach not only helps control blood sugar but also promotes satiety, thereby assisting in weight management. Despite its benefits, it has some side effects and understanding the potential long-term side effects is essential for those considering its use.
Potential Long-Term Side Effects
Mounjaro, like any medication, offers the promise of relief but also comes with the possibility of long-term side effects. While it’s designed to help, it’s important to be aware that some people may experience challenges as their body adjusts over time. Understanding these potential effects is crucial in making informed decisions about your health, ensuring you can manage any concerns with confidence and care. Research and clinical trials indicate several potential side effects associated with Mounjaro:
The role of diet and exercise in GLP-1 efficacy
While GLP-1 agonists can be a valuable tool in weight management, their effectiveness is significantly influenced by your diet and exercise habits. Making mindful dietary choices can enhance the action of GLP-1 agonists, helping you achieve your weight loss goals more efficiently and improve your overall health. The fFollowings are the approved al status in the UK.
- Semaglutide 2.4 mg (brand name Wegovy), a GLP-1 RA, was approved by NICE in 2023 for weight management in adults with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more (or 27 kg/m2 or more with weight-related comorbidities).
- Liraglutide 3.0 mg (Saxenda), another GLP-1 RA, was previously approved in 2020 for similar indications.
- Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist, has been approved for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes and obesity management.
Common Side Effects
- Very Common (may affect more than 1 in 10 people):
- Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) when used with sulphonylurea or insulin
- Nausea
- Diarrhoea
- Vomiting
- Constipation
- Common (may affect up to 1 in 10 people):
- Low blood sugar when used with metformin and a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor
- Allergic reactions (e.g., rash, itching, eczema)
- Dizziness
- Low blood pressure
- Decreased appetite
- Abdominal pain
- Indigestion
- Bloating
- Burping
- Gas
- Reflux or heartburn
- Hair loss
- Fatigue
- Injection site reactions
- Fast pulse
- Increased levels of pancreatic enzymes
Serious Side Effects
- Uncommon (may affect up to 1 in 100 people):
- Acute pancreatitis (severe pain in the stomach and back)
- Gallstones
- Cholecystitis (infection of the gallbladder)
- Rare (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people):
- Severe allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylactic reaction, angioedema)
Importance of Monitoring for Changes in Health
Regular health check-ups and monitoring for any unusual symptoms are crucial for early detection and management of potential side effects. Users should maintain open communication with their healthcare providers regarding any changes in their health status. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and other regulatory bodies continue to evaluate the safety profile of Mounjaro as more data becomes available, ensuring that its benefits outweigh the risks
Contacting a Healthcare Provider
At eMed Healthcare, we understand the critical role that healthcare professionals play in ensuring the safe and effective use of medications like Mounjaro. Collaborating with doctors is essential for optimising treatment outcomes and managing any potential side effects. Our focus is on providing comprehensive healthcare and continuous monitoring, ensuring that patients receive personalised care tailored to their unique needs. We encourage you to connect with our expert healthcare team to guide you through your health journey, offering support and expertise every step of the way. Your health is our priority, and we are committed to delivering exceptional care and assistance.
How to Manage Common Side Effects?
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea is a frequently reported side effect of Mounjaro, often occurring during the initial stages of treatment. To manage this:
- Take Mounjaro with food to help reduce nausea.
- Eat small, frequent meals instead of large ones.
- Stay hydrated by sipping water throughout the day.
- Avoid fatty foods and opt for bland foods like toast or rice.
Headaches
Headaches are another common side effect, which can be managed by:
- Drinking plenty of water to prevent dehydration, which can worsen headaches.
- Resting in a quiet, dark room if a headache occurs.
- Using over-the-counter pain relief medications, but consult your GP first.
Dizziness
To manage dizziness:
- Stand up slowly from sitting or lying positions to avoid sudden dizziness.
- Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery if you feel dizzy.
- Ensure adequate food intake to maintain blood sugar levels.
Fatigue
Fatigue can be managed by:
- Prioritising rest and sleep.
- Engaging in light physical activity to boost energy levels.
- Maintaining a balanced diet rich in nutrients.
Constipation and Diarrhoea
For constipation:
- Increase fibre intake by consuming fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Drink plenty of water to aid digestion.
- Engage in regular physical activity to promote bowel movements.
For diarrhoea: - Stay hydrated by drinking water and electrolyte solutions.
- Avoid foods that can exacerbate diarrhoea, such as fatty or spicy foods.
Dry Mouth
To alleviate dry mouth:
- Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
- Chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free sweets to stimulate saliva production.
- Avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can worsen dry mouth.
Mood Changes
Mood changes, including irritability or anxiety, can be managed by:
- Practising stress-relief techniques such as meditation or yoga.
- Maintaining open communication with friends and family.
- Seeking professional help if mood changes become severe.
Serious Side Effects
In rare cases, Mounjaro can lead to more serious side effects such as acute kidney injury or diabetic retinopathy. It is crucial to stay hydrated to prevent dehydration, which can lead to kidney issues. Patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy should be monitored for progression.
Long-Term Safety and Monitoring
Ongoing research is essential to fully understand the long-term safety profile of Mounjaro. Regular check-ups can help balance the benefits of the medication against its potential risks, ensuring that users maintain optimal health while managing their diabetes and weight.
Lifestyle Modifications: A Complementary Approach
While medication can be a valuable tool, adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial for long-term weight management and overall well-being. Incorporating regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and stress management techniques can enhance the effectiveness of Mounjaro and reduce the risk of side effects
References
- American Diabetes Association. (2023). Type 2 diabetes treatment: Beyond the basics. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/type-2-diabetes-treatment-beyond-the-basics/print
- Chiu, C.J., et al. (2024). "The impact of lifestyle interventions on metabolic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review." Diabetes Therapy, 15(3), Article PMC10553921. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-023-01321-5
- Smith, J., et al. (2023). "Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis." Cardiovascular Diabetology, 14(2), Article PMC10159347. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-01641-w
- European Medicines Agency. (2022). Mounjaro: EPAR – Product Information. Retrieved from https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mounjaro
