Anaemia
Written by Dr Claudia Pastides, 14th June 2019
Anaemia is a condition where there are not enough healthy red blood cells in the bloodstream to carry oxygen around the body.
Causes
Anaemia can be caused by:
- Your body not making enough red blood cells (e.g. due to not having enough iron, B12 or folate)
- Bleeding (e.g. heavy periods)
- A genetic reason (e.g. inheriting sickle cell disease or thalassaemia)
- Bone marrow disease
- Having a long standing health condition (e.g. chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis)
Risk factors
Common risk factors for developing anaemia include:
- A diet lacking in essential vitamins (iron, B12 and folate)
- Bowel diseases such as Crohn’s or Coeliac disease cause reduced absorption of vitamins necessary for making red blood cells
- Having heavy periods
- Pregnancy
- A family history of inherited anaemia
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Being aged over 65
Typical Symptoms
Many people with anaemia have no symptoms at all or very mild ones. Typical symptoms include:
- Feeling tired
- Feeling weak
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness or feeling lightheaded
- Headaches
- Having a fast or irregular heart beat
Common Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause. A GP will be able to narrow down the likely causes and arrange a blood test.
Common treatment includes:
- Iron, B12 or folate supplements
- Rarely people require blood transfusions
When to speak to a doctor
If you think you might be anaemic, speak to a doctor.
The more common causes of anaemia can often be managed via a digital consultation. If the GP decides you need a face to face appointment, they will discuss what steps you can take next. It is likely you will need to have a blood test.To speak to one of our GPs, download the app and create an account today.
Prevention
Anaemia that is caused by a vitamin deficiency can be improved or prevented by consuming foods rich in those vitamins.
- Iron containing foods include:
- Beef and other red meat
- Beans and lentils
- Dark green leafy vegetables
Folate is especially found in :
- Fruit and fruit juices
- Dark green leafy vegetables
- Kidney beans and peanuts
B12 can be found in:
- Meat
- Dairy
- Soy products.
More information
NHS, Iron deficiency anaemia - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/iron-deficiency-anaemia/
Please note that this material is for general information only and should never be used as a substitute for personalised medical advice provided during a consultation with a doctor.
The information provided is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Seek the advice of a doctor with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never delay seeking or disregard professional medical advice because of something you have read here.